Etiology of granulomatous lobular mastitis based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing

Etiology of granulomatous lobular mastitis based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing

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Objectives: We aimed to comprehensively explore the etiology Foods Dry of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) to optimize treatment programs.Methods: We collected 30 fresh mastitis samples for metagenomic next-generation sequencing, morphological observation, and analysis of the clinical information.Results: Of the 30 samples, 25 were GLM; pathogens were detected in 17, these were: Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii (10 of 25, 40%); C.

kroppenstedtii and Pseudomonas oleovorans (3 of 25, 12%); C.kroppenstedtii and human gammaherpesvirus 4 (1 of 25, 4%); Acinetobacter baumannii and C.kroppenstedtii (1 of 25, 4%); P.

oleovorans (1 of 25, 4%); and Tepidiphilus thermophilus (1 of 25, 4%).Abnormal sex hormone levels (mainly prolactin) and/or autoimmune function were found in 12 of the 25 samples.Lipophilic antibiotics (rifampicin) were found to work effectively in patients with slow-healing wounds after surgery.

Conclusions: The main pathogenic factor of GLM is C.kroppenstedtii infection, but other unusual pathogens (P.oleovorans, human gammaherpesvirus 4, AEG DCE731110M Touch Control Multifunction A+ Rated Double Oven A.

baumannii, T.thermophilus) are likely to be closely related to GLM, particularly human gammaherpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus)-associated mastitis, which may be a new entity of mastitis.Abnormal levels of sex hormones and autoimmune function are also common causes.

Therefore, lipophilic antibiotics (rifampicin) and prolactin inhibitors may be an effective treatment.